vicissitudes of Fortune by describing what had befallen others (e.g., 1.35–36; 2.35.5ff.). Moreover, Josephus, in his Antiquities, shares in this cultural belief, although as a Jew he would have viewed the divine necessity as deriving from the personal will of God, who is a living person and not a neutral necessity (e.g., 10.8.2–3 § 142). Nevertheless, this was but the background against which he pursued his aim: to legitimate the Jews by an appeal to their antiquity. So when one recognizes that
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